Keeping your
bonsai watered while you are away from home has always been problem
for enthusiasts. Pruning, feeding and general maintenance work
can be left for a week or two without any detriment to your trees
but watering has to be attended to on a daily basis. I
have known a few enthusiasts who have refused to go on holiday
during the growing season for fear of losing trees through lack
of water! Fears of tree's drying out in their owners' absence
seem well founded as one always hears stories of well-meaning
friends, relatives and neighbours who forget to water an expensive,
prized tree......
I have yet to hear of a reliable way of watering indoor trees.
Asking a friend or neighbour can work but only if they are reliable
enough to remember to water properly on a regular basis. Many
trees have been lost after neighbours have forgotten to water
a tree on just a single occasion while the owner is away on holiday.
Trying to water trees using a wick is very haphazard and leaving
a tree sat in water is likely to cause root damage, particularly
for any trees that are already weak or in poor health.
If an indoor tree has to be kept inside during the period of your
holiday (tropical species during the Winter for instance), the
amount of water the tree requires daily can be reduced by watering
well and then being moved to a cool position away from light to
reduce transpiration and moisture loss. This will increase the
amount of time the tree can be left without additional watering,
hopefully for the duration of your vacation.
If a tree can be defoliated with confidence, do so a week before
their last watering is due (moisture needs can increase greatly
in the days immediately after defoliation).
It is far
easier to holiday trees outside. Position all trees together out
of the wind and direct afternoon sun (both of which can cause
excess transpiration and moisture loss), collect all trees together
(especially useful if a neighbour is doing the watering; having
the trees in one area of your property avoids individual trees
being missed by the neighbour).
Neighbours may be helpful and have the best intentions but are
unlikely to have the experience to know how much and how often
your trees require water and more importantly, how quickly the
soil can dry over the course of a day, particularly when it is
hot or windy.

I have found
that a temporary automated watering system is the most reliable
way to keep bonsai watered for extended periods. Garden sprinklers
are positioned around the bonsai and connected to a mains tap;
the tap is left open/on. A programmable water timer is placed
in between the tap and the hose/sprinklers, this contains a valve
that stops the flow of water from the open tap into the hose/sprinklers,
until, at preset times, the water timer valve opens and the flow
of water passes through the hose to the sprinklers, watering your
bonsai.
Water Timers can be preset to allow watering 1 or more times a
day for anything up to ½ hour at a time. Most Water Timers
are powered by battery and so are very easy to install when needed;
no connection to outside mains electricity is necessary.
Set the timer
so that the trees will be slightly over watered and ensure that
under watering will be completely avoided. Short periods of over
watering will not damage a bonsai, any period of under watering
(the soil drying out) may cause irreversible damage.
When presetting the frequency and duration of watering, don't
rely on weather forecasts to try and prejudge the water needs
of your trees. Always assume rainfall will be zero and temperatures
above average for the time of year.
Few garden sprinkler(s) will give out a even spread of water;
there will be areas that receive more water than others; try to
use these for particularly thirsty trees.
Finally, always make sure a new battery is inserted at least once
a year!
This method
of automated watering is also labour saving but is not ordinarily
recommended for watering your trees, over watering is a big issue
over prolonged periods of time. However, as a short term
solution, it is the most reliable way I have found of ensuring
your bonsai will survive while you are away from home.
My system consists of a £30 water timer, a length of hose
and one £5 garden sprinkler and has successfully watered
over 200 bonsai and potentsai, 3-4 times a year for a number of
years. As a result of using this system, I have yet to lose a
tree while away from home, even during one particular two week
period where temperatures had continually exceeded 80F and reached
100F on a couple of occasions